The human vasculature, made up of a complex network of blood vessels including arteries, capillaries, and veins throughout the whole body, plays a significant role in mediating various essential physiological processes and maintaining homeostasis through various biochemical pathways. Malfunctions of the vascular system can result in serious diseases and are closely related to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer, making it a major threat to human health. Therefore, countless efforts have been conducted to recapitulate vascular models in scientific and clinical settings in order to examine vasculature-related pathologies. Particularly, microfluidic technology has been proven to be a key proponent in enabling the engineering of in vitro human vascular system models.
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